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Jonathan Hughes defined industrialization as;

the permeation into most areas of economic life of techniques of specialization and division of labor based upon a core of scientific knowledge that utilizes systematic organization, mechanical, chemical, intellectual, and power-driven aids to production.

The history of industrial engineering is intertwined with the history of industrialization.

• 12.1 Interchangeable parts
• 12.2 New sources of power
• 12.3 Specialization of labor
• 12.4 The corporation
• 12.5 The factory and the manager
• 12.6 Analysis of work
• 12.7 The assembly line
• 12.8 Worker rights
• 12.9 Mobilization for World War II
• 12.10 Japan after World War II
• 12.11 Programmable controls, computers, and communication technology
• 12.12 The future